AMERICAN ROADMAP
FOR DEVELOPMENT
Say what you will about the US, but among the most
admirable thing in this country is its road system
known as Inter-State Highways. The expanse and majesty
of these ribbons of concrete is as vital as it is
speedy and convenient and it has been celebrated in
prose.
Since India is now into its first major modern road
project in the form of the 13000 km's Golden Quadrilateral
, its instructive to see how the Great American Interstates
came into being
In 1919, General John Pershing, who had been impressed
by the european system of interstate highways during
his assignment as the commander of American Forces
in World War I , sent a young army colonel named Dwight
Eisenhower on coast- to-coast drive from Washington
DC to San Francisco as a part of the study to see
how quickly US forces could move across the country
in case of a war.
But between the depression and the war, very little
progress was made on the Pershing plan , with the
US rail lobby exercising its dominance over the auto
mobile industry .
It wasn’t until Eisenhower himself became
the President in 1953 that he laid out the great American
road map. The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956 provided
$25 billion to build an extended network of 66,000km
to handle the projected traffic till 1976.
It involved nationwide design standards, including
a minimum of two lanes in each direction, 12ft lane
width , 10ft paved shoulder and capable of handling
speeds of 50-70 mph. The Federal government met 90%
of the construction costs primarily paid by the fuel
taxes. The rest oft the cost and unkeep was left to
the state government. The effect of the new freeways
was stunning.
They relived the pressure of the American cities
,and created a whole new ethos, besides spreading
out jobs and business. They also engendered a culture
of long distance driving that endures to this day,
as a result to which many critics say that US has
to fight to keep fuel prices low. Still, it is commonly
acknowledged that the Inter State changed US landscape
for the better. But what continues to grow American
Inter State system is that successive governments
have spend billions more on up gradation, expansion
and upkeep.